A retrospective analytical study to determine the prevalence of bacterial infections, their effects on the semen quality, and the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates, in semen of infertile men referred to Mulago Hospital Infertility clinic, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda was done from March 2012 to Aug 2005. Clinical records of semen of infertile men attending the infertility clinic at Mulago Hospital were retrieved and analyzed. Only results of samples analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines of (1999) were included in the study. The variables of interest were spermatozoa; concentration, motility, morphology and vitality,bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivities; and effect of bacterial isolates on semen quality and quantity. Sixty-six percent (n=57) of the semen specimen cultured had bacterial growth. The most prevalent bacteria isolates were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (40.35%), Staphylococcus aureus (31.57%), and Enterococcus feacalis (19.29%. Others were Streptococcus agalaceae (1.75%), Pseudomonas earuginosa (1.75%), Esch.coli (1.75%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (1.75%) and Acitenobacter baumani (1.75%).The semen abnomalities were Azoospermia (12.79%), Normozoospermia (11.62%), Asthenoteratozoospermia (24.4%) and Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (51.16%). Staph aureus was exhibiting 33.5% asthenoteratozoospermia, 33% oligoasthenoteratozospemia and 22 % Normozoospermia, whereas CNStaphylococcus and Enterococcus feacalis exhibited 82% and 73% oligoasthenoteratozoospermia respectively. The rest of bacterial infection exhibited astheno-teratozoospermia. The bacteria were mostly sensitive gentamycin (90%) and augumentin (75%), as they were resistant to Amoxyllin (100%) and cotrimaxazole at (100%).In conclusion it was found that bacterial infection in semen was quite common in Uganda, leading to deterioration of semen quality resulting in likely male infertility. Therefore bacteria culture and sensitivity should routinely be done in semen analysis.
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