A survey was done in Lake Mburo rangeland, south western Uganda among sedentary pastoralists and ranchers. An average ranch was 813.2 ±51.8 ha, stocked mainly with cattle of Ankole-Sanga breed at 2.7 ha of land per Livestock Standard Unit (LSU). The pastoralists had a higher stocking rate (0.6 ha of land per LSU) with each household having 69.6±8.8 LSUs. The ranch herd sizes needed to be optimised by increasing; and for pastoralists they should be reduced. Few goats were kept, despite having abundant Acacia hokii bush. The pastoralists were diversifying their production enterprises by keeping goats and growing crops (89% of them) more than the ranchers. Cattle herd structure and age specific off-take rates, indicated that, both pastoralists and ranches were interested in increasing their herds for milk production than for beef. Improvement of cattle for milk production was done by cross breeding the indigenous cattle with Friesian dairy bulls. Diseases especially tick and tick-borne diseases were major constraint to livestock production among ranchers. Meanwhile, for pastoralists water and pasture were their major problems leading to invasion of Lake Mburo National Park during dry season. Urgently, water catchments and storage facilities on their properties needed to be developed.
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