This pilot study established the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in livestock in Kazo and Buremba subcounties of Kiruhura district, Uganda. Fifty goat and 112 bovine serum samples were tested for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats and cattle was 26.0% and 38.4% respectively while individual seroprevalence rates by livestock breeds were 10.7% (cross-breed goats), 45.5% (local goat breeds), 49.1% (cross-breed cattle), 31.0% (local cattle breeds), and 17.4% (exotic cattle breeds) (p<0.05). Sharing of watering points, using surface water for livestock, presence of wildlife on pasture, lack of vaccination were significantly correlated with Brucella seropositivity in livestock.
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