To what extent can a historian go back in the reconstruction of a cultural history of the African people? When and where should the Africans begin in tracing their cultural history? The historians of the Western civilization do not seem to have problem in answering the above questions with particular reference to their cultural history. They claim, with certainty, ancient Greece and Rome to be the foundations of their Western civilization. Under the title, Ancient Foundations of Black Culutral Development, the writer wishes to address himself to the statement and challenge offered recently to the African historians by Dr. Chancellor Williams, a distinguished emeritus professor of African history, Howard University.